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The future of energy passes through the cities

Sustainable 17-04-2009

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Daniel Gomez and disseminating environmental activist Cañete Also over 70% of global emissions of CO2. Surely these numbers grow if it also counted consumption and indirect emissions for urban areas that need work.

In the future, this trend is accentuated. According to the International Energy Agency, by 2030 cities will consume 73% of energy and emit 76% of CO2 emissions. For when it arrives this year, 60% of the world population will be "townie."

'By 2030 cities will consume 73% of energy and emit 76% of CO2 emissions' If we had that categoritzarles the type of energy used, we say that cities are fundamentally Electrical: 76% of the electricity consumed worldwide is consumed in cities. Today, most of the electricity produced in coal plants, natural gas and nuclear. By comparison, oil consumption in cities is low compared to total world 'only' 63% of oil consumed in urban areas, thanks to public transport and that practically no longer used in the oil generation electricity.
other hand, is in developing countries where they are giving the highest rates of urbanization. The concentration of population in cities is occurring mainly in Asia and Africa. The trend is the same all over the world, but the fact that urban development is greater in some countries provides clear opportunities to promote a less intensive in resources planning.

But just look at the developing countries. Do not forget that the highest energy consumption per capita (and also the largest CO2) occurs in industrialized countries, and in these, the average consumption in cities is only slightly lower than in rural areas.

Ideally, the major urban areas of rich countries should follow a diet very energy-saving, efficiency and renewable energy. This not only involves a substitution of energy technologies, but by a redefinition of uses in the area that contributes to decreased dependence on energy and materials in large cities. Some have already started this thread the needle.

'large urban areas of rich countries should follow a diet very energy-saving, efficiency and renewables' New York presented his NYC Plan, which aims to reduce energy consumption by 30% over the next 10 years and to prepare a possible rise in sea level due to climate change. London also has its own, The London Plan, in order to reduce energy consumption, increased penetration of renewables, prioritizing efficiency, rehabilitation of areas and homes, and the eradication of energy poverty (which also exists in the first world). Other cities, like Portland, also include peak oil in its list of environmental concerns, and plans are considered more ambitious and wide as a 50% reduction in energy consumption or the pursuit of "community cohesion" as a pillar of urban sustainability.


The greatest obstacle to convert the progressive urbanization of the world population in an improvement of sustainability is our growth model. In China, the city dwellers consume almost twice the energy in rural areas (and yet per capita consumption of a Chinese child is three times that of a European). Ideally urbanized with sustainability, minimizing the need for mobility and the transfer of materials and building homes that produce negavats. But beyond anecdotal projects, are looking at the mirror in which people in developing countries? Probably to get in sooner, and at any price, to material well-being that we have enjoyed hitherto rich countries.

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import electricity s has tripled in just four years in Catalonia in the sky

ITEM 2:04:09

Barcelona - Xavier Miró email protected

Since 2005 Catalonia power dependence compared to the has tripled since the new foreign sources of production have not increased their own in the proportion of consumption, according to the College of Engineering in Civil Engineering in Catalonia. Catalonia will not come next year to 3,000 megawatts (MW) wind which provided the energy plan but there will be 2000 now only work when 420. The school requires a review of government targets and growth rates of 2006-2015 energy plan and decided to boost renewable energy, new combined-cycle and the renewal of contracts of exploitation nuclear power plants, a decision that this should take the state government.

Catalan government prepares the special plan for urban construction in the town of Girona Bescanó a thermal power of 400 megawatts under construction and two groups of 850 MW set in the port. He has also recently authorized a fifty new wind farms with a power jointly planned 1528 MW. The power station Girona not be ready next year and new wind farms do not allow to reach 3,000 MW, two objectives in terms of energy in Catalonia in 2010. But instead, it is expected that 850 MW thermal port of Barcelona in 2010 are already in the network, an aspect that the report of the school not included in the analysis. The Catalan government has already made it clear that recently reviewed the goals and deadlines of the country's energy plan to adapt them to the current situation and future perspectives set by the international economic crisis.

El Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos Catalonia calls for revision of the plan in light of "the failure of the program planning" and to the growing trend to increased electricity imports in the country although the rate of increase in consumption today is lower than expected because the plan . In this sense, the college has done an analysis of the situation recalls that imports represent 18.8% of the electricity consumed 3.5 times more than just 4 years ago. Without making any mention of the long strikes that have taken the two nuclear plants in recent years by incidents added to the fuel refills, the college attributes the decrease in electricity production in the fall in production hydroelectric plants and coal and fuel oil, which have not been replaced by new renewable and thermal. In addition, indicate that increased consumption will remain, for example, rail transport and new water production plant. The college estimates that these two sectors could reach 10% point increase in consumption because of the operation of the entire line of high-speed train (TGV) and new desalination plants, and reuse of water pumping. In view of this diagnosis, the agency requires priority measures of energy saving and efficiency, and diversifying the supply of electricity production centers, placing particular emphasis on renewable energy but without stopping nuclear power.

hydro

terms of hydraulics, the agency proposes to increase the power and leverage existing reservoirs electrically taken today only serve to water as Santa Ponsa Llosa Horse. Even ask a diversified supply sources of production "with a great effect on renewable energy," curiously regarding wind and solar, the analysis by the college says that to achieve the goal that Catalonia has 12% of electricity coming from wind turbines and solar panels will "saturate the Catalan territory," a solution "entirely feasible" according to the engineers. The college must also consider the interconnection of electric transport lines connecting France and Figueres with the pipeline Martorell-European network across France. Ultimately, the study also recommended construction of strategic gas deposits to increase the reserves, for example, using the old pockets of oil off the coast of Tarragona.

committed to the renewal of permits for nuclear

In fact, analysis that makes the school look so pretty obvious claim the role of nuclear power as a guarantee of supply in Catalonia as output to cope with future climate change. Firstly remember that Vandellòs Asco I and II and II cover 40.8% of gross electricity demand in Catalonia. Continue by saying that electricity production comes from Catalonia in a 89.4% non-renewable energy such as nuclear and thermal coal or fuel oil. I still remember that 10.6% renewable up to 79% is hydroelectric and wind, solar and biomass represent only 1 remaining 8%. Joan Lluís Quer, head of the committee water and energy of the college, admits to Asco and Vandellòs recent years there have been "episodes that have questioned the safety" and that can not be 'separate nuclear power from management exquisite. " However, the final position of the body is defending the renewal of contracts for exploitation of central Spain, the first of which will decide the English government in July with Santa Maria de Garona. Directly the college defense nuclear energy as "the best alternative energy scale is not station greenhouse gases." Finally, civil engineers also require that the Govern espanyol ja l'decideixi emplaçament of magatzem centralitzat of Waste radioactius that S'ha to build a l'Estat.

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response to growing world's energy needs could be in the wind. This renewable could be exploited in a more effective now how to make wind mills, which use only air currents near the ground as they often have an average height of 80 meters and rarely reach 150. Except in very windy places, usually, the wind speed at 80 meters above the ground is 4.6 meters per second. A 800, however, air moves much more quickly, alcanzando 7.2 meters in the second half of an encrypted offering exceptional breathtaking possibilities for the production of electricity.