Author: Maria Cristina Chaler.
knowledge re-released
Substance Training and electricity
To
forming substances is necessary that the atoms are combined together. This combination is not random and depends on the amount of electricity that each element has.
The atom in its vast empty space, you orbiting electrons in certain energy levels that are differentiated by the amount of positive charge has the core and thus differ in the number of electrons that neutralize that charge.
There is a basic electronic configuration for the electrons orbiting around the nucleus and in keeping with her placing will keep on increasing in number, but the difference between the two is marked by the electronic configuration the outer electrons, and the interiors do not work in the chemical bonds to form substances.
A group of atoms, we would say privileged, who have something the rest of the elements does not have: YOUR LAST ORBIT FULL with the number of electrons allows maximum level, these are called noble gases.
Thus we find:
Helio -------- -------- 1st level 2 electrons
---- Neon Level 2 ------- ----- 8 electrons
Argon ------- -------- 8 electrons 3rd level
Krypton ----- -------- 8 electrons 4th level
Xenon ------- -------- 5th level 8 electrons
Radon ------- -------- 8 electrons 6th level
Own last full orbit generated by the nature of our planet with environmental conditions of the quality of inertia chemistry, ie, they have a tendency to combine with other elements so do not generate substances. This translates into a kind of chemical in general law "That atom having his last full level will be similar to the Nobles and therefore inert."
Overall noble gas except for the first level is complete with 2 electrons (helium) the rest of the levels are completed 8 electrons, and hence this rule is called the octet rule.
The rest of the elements of nature found in the periodic table sorted by the number of protons they have in their core, have their last orbit incomplete, so they are constantly looking to combine with each complete the last byte level and so resemble in that combination to achieving the noble gases have no chemical stability in atomic state.
Here are some examples of how they work
Sodium (Na) has 11 electrons arranged as follows:
- 2 in the first level.
- 8 in the second
- 1 in the third
symbolized as 2_8_1
When sodium combines with chlorine (Cl), which owns 17 electrons distributed as 2-8-7
I yield the last electron to resemble the Neon (2_8) turn being positively charged (Na +) and Chlorine will take being negatively charged as (Cl -) and thus resemble the Argon (2_8_8), forming a bond between chlorine and sodium stabilized complete octets and the attraction of opposite electrical charges. The substance called sodium chloride or what we call everyday cooking salt.
When the hydrogen has only one electron (1) is combined with oxygen has 8 electrons (2_6), the latter must receive two electrons to semejare the Neon (2_8) but the hydrogen in turn also need 1 electron to resemble the helium, so that nature can easily solve the problem: We associate 2 (two) hydrogen (H) with oxygen (O) and share their electrons, thus each of them remains in substance like noble gases forming the water (two hydrogen and oxygen) H2O.
Thus permanently and atoms, which are in total around 92, trying to combine to resemble in its own external power to the noble gases and is sharing electrons, taking or transferring them. So are the different substances that make up matter
Nature solves the simplest way possible with the least expenditure of energy
Man is just a dot on the vast Universal but has an important purpose of being 
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